Lapu Lapu Reaction Paper Essay

II. Movie Characters/Cast Lapu Lapu Dinah Dominguez Ian Veneracion Lito Marcos III. Sypnosis Lapu-lapu was the king of Mactan , an island in visayas, Phillipines, who is know as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted Spanish colonization. HE is now regarded as the first Filipino hero. On the morning of April 27,1521 Lapu-lapu and the men of Mactan, armed with spears, and kampilan faced Spanish soldiers led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinan Magellan. In what would later be known as the Battle of Mactan, Magellan and several of his men were killed. According to Sulu oral tradition , Lapu-Lapu was a Muslim Chieftain and was also know as â€Å"Kaliph Pulaka† the People of Bangsamoro, The Islamic homeland in the Philippines islands. Consider him to be a Muslim and a member of the Tausug ethnic group. A variant of the name, as written by Carlos Calao, a 17th century chinese-Spanish poet in his poem â€Å"Que Dios Le perdone† (Spanish,† That God may Forgive Him†) is â€Å"Cali Pulacu†Ã‚  The 1898 Philippine Declaration of independence refers to Lapu-Lapu as â€Å" King Kalipulako de Maktan† in the 19th century, the reformist Mariano Ponce Used a variant name â€Å"Kalipulako†, as one of his pseudonyms. IV. Question/Answers 1. Which part of the movie do you like the most? – The part I liked the most is that when Lapu – Lapu rejected Magellan’s offer twice and waged war against the Spaniards. I liked Lapu – Lapu’s attitude because he is wise and care’s for his people at the same time he can be brutal to his enemies. 2. Will you recommend the video/ movie to your fellow AMAer? Why? – Yes, I would definitely recommend it because it is educational at the same time entertaining and this has a special part in our history considering Lapu – Lapu was our first Filipino hero.

ECommerce: Questions with Answers

E-procurement is electronic acquisition of goods and services for organizations. Its goals are to purchase In lower prices, improve flow process, enameled maverick buying, faster purchase, and Increased productivity. . Discuss the role of intermediaries in BIB. Distinguish between buy-side and sell-side intermediaries. The role of intermediaries in BIB is to ensure buy and sell side conditional are coincide. Buy-side intermediaries involve one buyer to many sellers while sell-side intermediaries involve one seller to many buyers. 5. List the major e-supply chain management Infrastructures and enabling tools. Answer: Major e-supply chain management Infrastructures and enabling tools are DE', extranets, intranets, corporate portals, workflow systems, groupware, and Identification and tracking tools. . What are some of the major limitations of RIFF genealogy? Answer: Major limitations of RIFF technology are that cost of implementation, restriction of environments, accuracy, privacy, an d no unladed standards. 7. Define c-commerce. The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative SEC applications. 10, 259 8. Define collaborative networks and distinguish them from traditional supply chain collaboration.Answer: The collaborative network allows partners at any point in the network to interact with ACH other directly, bypassing traditional partners. Interaction may occur among agents that act as aggregates, BIB exchanges, hubs, or logistics providers. 9. Define virtual teams, mass collaboration, and unified communication. Answer: Virtual team define as a group of employees using information and communications technologies to collaborate from different work bases. 274 Mass collaboration defines as a form of collective action that occurs when large numbers of people work independently on a single project, often modular in its nature.Wisped, 2011. Mass Collaboration. [on line] Available at: [Accessed 10 Gag 2011]. Unified communication defines as simplification of all forms of communication in the enterprise. 248 10. It is said that c-commerce signifies a move from a transaction focus to a relationship focus among supply chain members. Discuss. Answer: Since c-commerce increase communications and information flow, this tends to be more relationship focus among supply chain members than transaction focus.Part 2 Internet Exercise [2 %] 1 1 . Enter sap. Com and BEA. Mom, and find the key capabilities of their enterprise portals. List the benefits of using five of the capabilities of portals. Answer: Oracle enterprise portals offer easy integration, can customize for different business, improve communication without geographical limit, sharing information, and social computing service. SAP. Com offer single point access of information, collaboration and communication, increases people productivity, and provide managed content in the context of business applications.The benefits to those key capacities of portals are improve communication, enable elaboration within, increases productivity, improve sharing of information, and no geographical limit. 12. Enter lotus. Com and find their collaboration-support products. How do these products support groups? Answer: Messaging & collaboration Integrated collaborative environment including e-mail, calendaring and ability to extend with applications and collaboration tools. Social communications Integrated real-time collaboration services including presence, chat, voice, data, video, meetings and telephony.Online collaboration services Working together Just got easier with integrated social networking and online collaboration services from Lotuses. Social software Business collaboration and networking capabilities including dynamic profiles, wise, blobs, shared files, team spaces, and communities. Portals and mishaps Cohesive foundation to deliver exceptional user experiences enabling users personalized and compelling interactions with information, applications and people. Mobile collaboration and wireless Collaborate anywhere from your Apple, Monika, RIM or Windows Mobile device

Calorie restriction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Calorie restriction - Essay Example This understanding stemmed from direct experiences of the early homo-sapiens. Large-animal kills led to abundant food supply and consumption immediately after the kill and a period of fasting or restriction in food consumption after the food from the kill was exhausted. The period of restricted food consumption ended when the next large-animal kill occurred. This cycle of abundant food consumption and restricted food consumption led to the observation that abundant food consumption led to lethargy, while restricted food consumption provided the benefits of heightened alertness. Eating is a pleasurable experience and desisting from eating not an regimen to follow. Yet, at a time when alertness was critical to the hunting of food and protecting the members of the community, restricted food consumption was practiced among hunters and soldiers, so that their alertness was heightened increasing the chances of a successful hunt for the hunters and success in warding of attacks from the ene mies in the case of the soldiers (Mehta & Roth, 2009). The next step in the understanding of the benefits from restricted food consumption, prior to modern science, came from the spread of the early religions and the religious practices that called for fasting. Asceticism comprising of hard rigors including fasting became an extreme form of religious practice. Mehta & Roth, 2009, p.29, quoting Robert Thurman, define asceticism as â€Å"the impulse in human beings to attempt consciously to improve control over their habitual life processes, with a view to bettering their situation at least in a relative, and, if possible, in an ultimate way†. Remnants of asceticism as a religious practice continue even today among the general populace. Fasting is a continued practice among the followers of several religious faiths in the modern world. For example, the Muslims fast for forty days from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, while the Christians observe restricted food consumption dur ing the Lenten period. Prior to the development of modern science, it was religion that provided a systematic means for humans to exert control over their human condition. It was also possible through established religions to communicate the observations, insights, and explanations throughout the populace and spanning generations. For instance, Ayurveda, the popular branch of cultural medicine practiced in India is steeped in such religious observations, insights and explanations, a part of it dealing with the quantum and quality of foods consumed Calorie restriction as a part of modern medical science has become more relevant in the modern world because of the abundance of food and the economic capacity to purchase and consume large quantities of food. Overeating and consumption of rich foods has become more the norm in daily life than a part of feasting during festive days of the yesteryears. As a consequence of the poor eating habits conditions and diseases associated with it lik e obesity and diabetes type 2, high serum cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease have become a bane of society. The beneficial impact of calorie restriction as a medical intervention on these conditions and diseases thus become more relevant to modern society than ever before (Delaney & Walford,

The cases of Maryland v. King and Florida v. Harris Essay

The cases of Maryland v. King and Florida v. Harris - Essay Example In such scenarios, I believe that the overall circumstances must be considered in totality instead of referring to different legal provisions in isolation and verifying compliance with them. It is also vital that the final decision becomes source of benefit for the maximum number of stakeholders involved and doesn’t breach the universally accepted rights. This paper discusses similar two cases, elaborating on legal facts of the case and arguments presented by different courts. It includes my critical evaluation of the two cases where I strongly agreed or disagreed to either court’s decisions, concurring opinions or dissenting judgments. Case 1 – Maryland v. King: Agreement This began in 2003 when a masked man named Alonzo King raped a woman in Maryland and escaped, not to be found until in 2009, when he got arrested and was identified during a DNA cheek swab test as part of routine search procedures. DNA sample matched the previous one from rape case and hence th e criminal was charged with former offences as well. Subsequently, King went into the Circuit Court to hold that the authorities were not entitled, as per Fourth Amendment Rules, to evade his privacy and conduct routine search on him and therefore any evidence drawn during the course of such procedures shall be invalid and cannot be held in the court of law. The court disagreed and continued to penalize him with life sentenced imprisonment with no allowance of parole. However, eventually Court of Appeals of Maryland agreed to notion presented by King and disregarded the conviction placed on him. In event of disagreement, the Supreme Court intervened and declared King as guilty as there is no violation of Fourth Amendment requirements. Justice Roberts, Thomas, Breyer and Alito gave concurrence that it doesn’t constitute to invasion of privacy while Justice Scalia, Sotomayor, Ginsburg and Kagan gave dissenting opinion that DNA test is too specific and advanced to be considered as a routine procedural check and is only executed when there is a preconceived suspicion on an individual (Supreme Court of the United States, 2013a). I agree with the court’s final decision in this case as it seems most appropriate, legitimate and socially correct. Firstly, nature and duration cheek swab test is so minor that it cannot be considered to be a source of privacy intrusion. Secondly, it is essential to consider the end-results to any incidence. In this case, the DNA test eventually generated favorable results by identifying a criminal that was long lost and roaming free in our society. Thus, this decision also indirectly benefits our community by keeping its interests safe from such escaped criminals. DNA test is merely a method used for crosschecking an identity so it can be stored in database for subsequent retrieval and can also be used to generate past criminal history of the guilty individual. Additionally, the Fourth Amendment rules cannot be stated to hav e been breached if any check or search has been conducted in pure good faith with no biased intentions. Obviously, it is difficult to prove good faith but overall circumstances, as in this case, give clear cues regarding the reasons behind the test being conducted. Therefore, in light of the above arguments, I believe that court’s decision was legally as well as ethically correct and furthermore, I would strongly recommend that regulatory authorities must use lessons from such instances to adjust legal provisions and include DNA testing practice in standard routine search procedures as it does atleast no harm to the society as a whole, if not

Leadership Blogs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Blogs - Assignment Example The progress of a leader is clear when the leader which an individual influences the group of individuals to attain a common goal/ One of the best attitudes that are seen in leadership is in the movie Remember the Titans. In one of the most exemplified films, leadership is depicted by both. Both men depict leadership development as they put aside their differences for the well-being of the team. It is clear to understand that this relationship extended beyond just football, it was a testament to the development of a collaborative effort. Leadership development is a process and not a sprint, it takes time to cultivate this experience as depicted by Julius and his teammate. Putting aside differences teaches a valuable lesson that collaboratively nothing is impossible. Leadership styles in different culture vary in midst of cultures because it is based on values that are different. For instance, eastern cultures often portray leadership via fear. Dictatorship for often is stemmed for embedding fear in people. Most people have leadership in other cultures have given a promise to people that have allowed them to be leaders. For instance, Hitler was a great leader because he promised people with incentives and glory. Leaders in other cultures have always tried to promote glory and nationalism which brought them power, prestige and wealth. In most cases, the people do not approve the leadership of these leaders and are forced to follow them. Dictatorship and autocracy in the Middle East and communism has been evident throughout history. Another great example can be depicted in leaders in Great Britain. Most British leaders are diplomatic, willing to compromise, and honest. However, at times they can also inflict they supremacy when necessary. From a modern perspective, leadership styles are more of followers pushing a leader to spearhead and take a proactive role. Leaders in the modern country are more prone to criticism and hence are more democratic.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Case study - Essay Example The criteria can enable an organization to effectively align assets with quality strategies such as ISO 9001 and Six Sigma, and improve performance throughout the organization in a general way. Baldrige also helps to recognize and monitor vital organizational outcomes such as customer responses, product and service delivery, financial assets, human resource, and the general effectiveness of an organization in the market. Every organization will need an-encompassing strategy, especially if the executives are looking for a measure that can be used to connect the product brand with the organizational culture and internal practices (Poister, 2003). Key internal functions, which should be linked with the commodities, include strategic planning and the satisfaction of various stakeholders, e.g. customers, and employees as well as suppliers. In a nutshell, Baldrige measures and advances leadership, strategic planning, information analysis, consumer and market focus, evaluation of human reso urces, process management, and business results (Ferguson, 2008). Six Sigma According to Poister (2003), Six Sigma entails statistically-centered processes, which improves organizational performance for continuing process development. By implementing Six Sigma, an organization can reduce defects substantially. This is usually done by spotting and removing the triggers of variation in organizational processes. In identifying defects, the criteria focus on creating precise descriptions of customer needs and expectations and are therefore consumer-oriented. The main pillars of Six Sigma include continuous analysis of the consumer’s needs; vigorous employment of facts in the identification and measurement of variation in all business processes such as production; and recognition of the actual origin of defects or variation for their elimination. Ferguson (2008) avers that through Six Sigma, an organization would seek to put in place a pro-active executive team focusing on the pre vention of problem; enhance the setting up of unrelenting improvement measures and constant aiming for perfection through effective collaboration between different units within the organization (Poister, 2003). Six Sigma is premised upon multiple and successful approaches to quality improvement measures and encompasses unique strategies of its own. When compared to other quality control and improvement criteria such as Baldrige, Six Sigma is seen as a better methodology for recognizing the causes of particular quality defects and eliminating those problems. Notably, Six Sigma can be employed as an adjunct measure to other options in order to improve quality improvement systems. ISO 9001 Poister (2003) indicates that ISO 9001 is a methodology for managing quality standards within an organization. A Quality Management System, which ISO 9001 is known to measure, is a system of elaborately defined business structures, functions, duties, and assets used to support and develop on given qu ality thresholds. The criteria can be employed in the measurement of the general quality of an organization’s management programs and practices. An ISO 9001 certification ought to assure customers of an organization that the quality thresholds have been met by implementing standard policies with the aim of producing competitive products and services. Through ISO 9001, documenting the details of an organization’s processes can be achieved. This documentation is very important when it comes to

Analysis of the New Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of the New Market - Essay Example GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), headquartered in Brentford, England, is a multinational pharmaceutical company. Founded in 2000, GSK is ranked to be sixth largest (by revenue) pharmaceutical company in the world (GSK Our Company). Its top selling drugs are Advair, Flovent and Ventolin and several other vaccines like diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, etc. GSK operates in several south Asian countries, like Bangladesh. This paper is focused on new market analysis of Bangladesh with the aim of launching Scott Emulsion product of the company. It also includes the study of the market environment by PESTLE analysis to find out whether it is a prospective market of the product or not (GSK Scott’s Emulsion). Before launching any product, a company should analyze the market to ensure that the product will be accepted by the customers or not. Pharmaceuticals are one of the most important manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The industry meets almost 97 percent of the local needs and it also exports to around 80 countries. The other top pharmaceutical companies in the country are Square Pharmaceuticals, Incepta, Beximco, Acme, Opsonin, etc. Among them, Square Pharmaceuticals hold the maximum market share of around 20%, followed by Incepta and Beximco at 9% and 8.35% respectively. Scott Emulsion is a vitamin supplement composed of cod liver oil, vitamin A, D, etc (Mph-bd. Cod liver oil). Other similar cod liver oil vitamin supplements in the Bangladesh market are, Cod oil by Rangs Pharmaceuticals, Cod liver oil by Drug International, Codcap by Incepta, Codliv SG by Pacific Pharmaceuticals, and Codvit by Opsonin Pharma Ltd (FiercePharma The top 10 pharma companies by 2013 revenue). The industry analysis is done using the Porter’s five forces. The five forces are threat of new entrant, threat of substitute, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among firms. Threat of New Entrant: The

Porters Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Porters Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that the management styles or the fourth factor that was described by Porter has become very blurred. A dynamic approach is required towards management of organization and it has become imperative to follow a management practice that is sustainable. It has been observed that shareholders have become very demanding and the excessive reliance of the business enterprises on the capital market have made it important for organizations to depend on information in a timely manner. This paper makes a conclusion that the case of national competitive advantage over comparative advantage, an idea created by Porter has both been a source of debate and discussion. A discussion in this topic reveals that the traditional competitive model described by Porter using the developed countries can also be extended to certain other developing countries as well. The case of Ireland, India, Singapore, Korea and Saudi Arabia has revealed that Porter’s model of national competitive advantage is still relevant to explain competitiveness of these nations. All of these nations have developed their competitive advantage over time and provides a thriving climate both for domestic and international businesses. However, there are certain aspects of Porter’s model that is not relevant in present case. For instance, the management styles that have been described by Porter for specific countries are no longer valid in the present organizational structures. The financial cris is of 2008 has revealed that excessive speculation can be extremely dangerous.

MGT 511 session long project MODULE 4 Employee and Industrial Essay

MGT 511 session long project MODULE 4 Employee and Industrial Relations (walmart) - Essay Example This can clearly be said as the company focuses on selecting individuals based on their performance as well as on the induction period performance. Here the company focuses on completion of computer based learning and also on the job training for the employees. However, based on several reviews of present as well as past employees and keeping in mind the several law suits that the company has faced, the employee relations clearly are not very healthy. The company has over the years stepped over numerous employees and workers to come to their current position (Cram). In order to overcome these issues and to improve the overall employee relations it is crucial that WalMart focuses on improving the relations with the employees. Here in order to achieve this, it is important to increase and improvise on the current policies of the company. Also, action needs to be taken against managers who have been accused of any form of discrimination (Friedman). The only way that the company can effe ctively ensure that the employees are given the rightful respect and attention is by ensuring the management follows the policies. The policies of the company need to be revamped in every aspect, including the pay and the discrimination against women.

Herbert Spencer Essay Example for Free

Herbert Spencer Essay He was a biologist first before he became a philosopher. Spencer was born on 1820 of April 27. He never had a formal education, instead he was being taught home by his parents. He was taught of math, social sciences and science and he was also taught of a variety of speaking languages which made him very intelligent and proficient. He was a typical, ordinary boy who loves to play around but unfortunately he easily gets sick and even he was an adult he easily catches illnesses. He had an insomnia which greatly affected him physically. He had his job when he was still on his teenage years in the railways and loved to write things. This contributed to what he has become and what great things he has achieved in his life. Herbert Spencer was born 1820- 2903, a British philosopher. He is noted for his effort to devise a philosophical system incorporating all scientific learning. In this â€Å" synthetic philosophy,† as he called it, Spencer applied to all branches of knowledge the principle of evolution, which he defined as the change of all things from simple to more complex forms. Spencer achieved particular renown as a social evolutionist. His conclusion that society evolves by the biological process of natural selection, a process for which he coined the phrase â€Å"survival of the fittest†, was highly influential. Some of his ideas, however, were based on the largely discredited notion that acquired characteristics can play a role in evolution. Spencer’s first book, Social Statistics in 1850 , presented a theory of evolution predating Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species by nine years; unlike Darwin, however, Spencer, did not present scientific evidence to support his theory. After Darwin’s theory of natural selection was published, Spencer adopted it enthusiastically. He then wrote a series of volumes surveying biology, sociology, ethics, and psychology from an evolutionary point of view. These works brought him world recognition. The first book in the series, First Principles in 1862, presented his synthetic philosophy. It caused much controversy on the relation between science and religion. Spencer, an agnostic, rejected all theological systems as futile attempts to know the unknowable and concluded that knowledge can be gained only through the study of science. Spencer was taught by his father who was a schoolmaster and uncle who was a minister, and did not attend college. Although his real interest was science, for several years he worked as a civil engineer for an English railway and later as an editor for the Economist in 1848- 1853. He is an English Philosopher; he generalized evolutionary theory outside the confines of biology. He wrote the principle of Psychology in 1870-1872 and Sociology in 1873- 1896, he applied his encyclopedic knowledge to support his historicist concept of progress. The common origin of European Sociology was the Enlightenment. Different national traditions reacted to the enlightenment inheritance in different ways. The only British innovations were Spencer’s adaptation of Darwin’s model of Biological evaluation to provide explanations of societal change. In France, however, the conservative reaction to the French Revolution rejected atomistic models of society which is centered on the individual and questioned the validity of empirical inquiry. The man who added something new to this idea was only Herbert Spencer. He recognized that the Orthodox interpretation of society assumed but did not explain change. Spencer, however, did not abandon the ideas of the Enlightenment but regarded them in relation to a model of social change owing much to Darwin’s origin of species. He argued that societies were driven forward to more complex and higher forms by the struggle for the survival between individuals, and that the struggle had produced in Britain a Laissez Faire industrial society, which was a yet the highest social form. He was said to be the competitor of Charles Darwin. Survival of the Fittest and Evolution are the common terms being made known by this Victorian Biologist  who eventually became a philosopher. He viewed evolution as the same that he thought was not consistent. He had formulated different concepts and these are the Adaptation, Integration, Growth and Differentiation. Spencer’s remaining years were still focused on his thought of evolution of mankind and its outcome in the future. He was full of pessimism and thought that maybe mankind will not be able to survive. Herbert Spencer was idolize by many and many were influenced by him and they were Charles Darwin, Alfred Marshall, Henry Sidgwick, William Graham Sumner and many other sociologist and theorists. He became known duet to his Positivism and Evolutionism. He developed ideas which helped made other ideas which explained more of the existence of man. His greatest contribution to mankind was to think and explore more from their minds and not just settle in mediocrity. He wants us to be concerned of the society in which we are existing and the culture that we are following and passing on to other generations. In 1903, Herbert Spencer died. He died with dignity and great reputation, bringing with him the appreciation and love by the entire individual’s around him that time.

Effect of Contract Based Labourers on Indias Automobiles

Effect of Contract Based Labourers on Indias Automobiles Research Question: How are contract based labourers affecting the productivity of Indian automobile industry? Introduction Research Origin and Focus Area of Research The employment structure in the Indian scenario has been undergoing certain changes due to globalization. The firms in order to be competitive in a global market should have the flexibility relating to labour, capital and various bureaucratic procedures. Only then can it adapt itself to the rapidly changing environment and thereby stay ahead. Although, it has been said that the stringent labour laws not only put the domestic producers at a disadvantageous position but it is also one of the primary factor causing less inflow of foreign direct investment and eventually impact adversely on investment, output and employment. As a result, number of countries has amended their labour laws so as to make them more investment and employment friendly. This has thereby led to different non-permanent employment structures, such as casual labour, contract labour, subcontractors, consultants and others, among which contract labour is the most prominent kind in the Indian industrial sector and in this paper I primarily focus on the Indian automobile sector only at present. In this research, the point to be noted is the contractual employment which is in accordance to the Contract Labour Regulation and Abolition Act, 1970. According to the law, a contract labourer is defined as one who is hired in connection with the work of an establishment by a principal employer through a contractor. Although a contractor tries to produce the given results with the help of a contract labour for the organisation, a principal employer is the person responsible for the control of an establishment. Over the years the pace of contracting has increased dramatically both across borders as well as within. The research will be dealing with the effect of these outsourcing activities. According to the WTO-ILO report (2009), contracting has largely taken place in the emerging economies. Now what could be the consequences of contracting on the labour productivity of a particular firm within the country is what this research paper will be discussing about. Although a lot has been discussed about the rights in terms of wages and other emoluments for the contractual labour, not much has been said about the productivity of the contractual labour. Much has been said recently about the slowdown in the Indian automobile industry, in fact this sector of the Indian manufacturing industries has recorded its lowest point in terms of growth past year. In this research paper, I have taken up the issue of subcontracting of labourers as the one of the primary reason for this lag in productivity. The organised auto sector in India broadly consists of three tiers and the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) sit at the top of the chain. Most of these OEMs are members of the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), while most of the tier 1 auto component manufacturers are members of the Automobile Component Manufacturers’ Association (ACMA). Tier-2 and Tier-3 auto-component manufacturers are relatively smaller players. To assess the importance of the sub sectors in terms of generation of employment, it is essential to analyse the intensity of labour employment in these sectors. There is a concern in the industry that wages are growing for the permanent labours without proportionate increase in the productivity front. As a result, higher subcontracting takes place in order to curb wage costs both in the periphery as well as in the core sector. Contract labourers, paid comparatively much lower than the permanent employees and enjoying hardly any other benefits, make up 70-80% of the industry workforce, according to estimates by trade union leaders. The underlying tension between their aspirations and outdated labour laws cause dispute and de-incentivise work effort and lowering productivity. Literature Review In order to proceed with the analysis of subcontracting and productivity, there are literature which illustrate the importance of investment in RD. Romer (1990) has stated on the â€Å"endogenous technological change† and hence proved how RD plays an instrumental role in accelerating long run growth of a country. Thereafter, many works have been published citing the role of variable factors on RD and long term growth, which varies from economy to economy. Scholars like Goo (2011) mentioned the effects of transportation costs in RD technology sector on the endogenous growth. He showed that larger the transportation costs of RD technology, larger will be the price of RD technology and hence leading to slower economic growth. Lee (2005) empirically showed a direct and much stronger effect of information networks on international RD. Research in relation to this field by eminent economists has also discussed the strategically important interactions of firms and their implication of RD of firms and the performances. Grossman and Helpman (2002, 2003), Egger and Egger (2003), Shy and Stenbacka (2003) and Antras and Helpman (2004) established the positives of outsourcing over any other organizational structures, for example the vertical integration and foreign direct investment. If outsourcing and RD are complementary to each other, outsourcing leads to an increase in RD, which leads to a reduction of the negative impact of outsourcing on wages and employment in the outsourced countries. Based on a similar framework, Marjit and Mukherjee (2008) argued that outsourcing has a positive relationship with the RD investment and hence an increase in outsourcing causes an increase in the RD investment in small markets and highly competitive product market, whereas it decreases the RD investment in large markets Based on the efficiency wage models, which talk about the positive effect of higher wages (Shapiro and Stiglitz, 1984; Banerjee and Gupta, 1998), have shown a direct effect on labour productivity of higher wages, as result of greater incentive. Hence, a decline in wage mean declining productivity and the entrepreneurs might be reluctant to reduce the wage, even in the situations of unemployment. That is the key argument explaining unemployment and wage rigidity at the same time. Dibyendu Maiti and Sugata Marjit (2011) had focused on the subcontracting part of a typical firm to the informal sector for a developing economy. Although, these literature give us the basis of contractual labour hiring practices, but they do not mention much about the productivity perspective. Dibyendu Maiti and Sugata Marjit (2011) gave an overview of the productivity and subcontracting issue for a developing economy, this research study will only deal with the Indian automobile sector as its primary domain. Research Design and Methodology Starting with a simple framework of a firm, which has two alternatives to hire labourers, i.e. either using subcontracting way at a lower cost or it can go for permanent employment of labourers. The formal wage structure is determined exogenously at each level whereas the contractual labourers’ wages are determined endogenously by the market and using the bargaining power of the contractor. Also assuming, is the fact that contractual labour wage rate do not adjust rapidly in the short run. In case of a rise, in the wage rates of the permanent labourers the firm would go for contractual hiring, thereby increasing the demand for temporary labourers in turn leading to an increase in wages. In the short run time period, if the contractual wage rises, the firm would opt for the existing permanent labourers, which again leads to an increase in the demand for permanent labourers. With this relation between the wages of both the contractual and permanent labourers, we can establish th e fact that the contractual wage and permanent wage would be correlated. Although from a long run view, the contractual wage is adjusted by the market forces. The net effect of the above interactions between the contractual and permanent wage determines the level of wage and employment in a particular sector. In order to analyse the study, information from secondary sources of Indian database is collected. With these dataset, and to establish a significant relationship between the wages and productivity regression analysis has to be done. The study takes the annual emoluments for hired workers in Non-Directory Manufacturing Establishments (NDME) documented by National Sample Survey Organisation, Government of India and annual emoluments of the various factory workers documented by Annual Survey of Industries, Government of India, Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) and Automobile Component Manufacturers’ Association (ACMA). Running pooled OLS regression with state and time as dummy variables and panel GLS regressions to estimate the relationship between contractual wage and formal productivity, and formal wage and formal productivity controlling other variables. With the results for the regression analysis it can be showed that the correlation between formal wage and formal productivity is not statistically significant, while for the formal productivity and informal wage it is highly significant and with the GLS panel regression, it can be proved that formal productivity is highly affected by informal wage. The formal or the permanent workers’ sector does not necessarily affect the contractual workers’ sector in the long term. If the permanent wage increases, the firm will transfer its production activities from its in house permanent sector to external contractual sector which leads to two effects on the contractual wage rate. Firstly, a substitution effect would raise the demand for contract labours. The discharged labours from the formal sector due to shortage of production would also supply more labour. Therefore, the net effect remains ambiguous. If the contract labour sector have a net positive demand for labours, it would increase the employment and it would raise the informal wage when the economy is at its full employment level. Again, if net demand is negative, it might also reduce the contractual wage. This situation alters the efficiency gain of permanent labours and also brings down the condition for the contract sector. Thus a developing economy or an economy with a higher number of poor populations will have less productive permanent sector. This indicates that when a society has a greater number of poor informal workers, those who are fortunate enough to land up with relatively high-wage jobs may not be as productive as they would be in a society where access to the low wage informal segment restricted.

Shakespeares Othello: Is Jealousy the Cause? Essay examples -- Othell

The hero in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello is guided to murder by his passions. Which passions? Jealousy? Sexual jealousy? In this paper let us look into these questions. In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley denies that jealousy is a major causative factor in the play: The play eludes with ease any attempt to pin it down to a solution: why it happened, what caused it, what weakness in Othello was involved? Even jealousy as such is not the reason. Jealousy is a long-term affair, with its own rules and customs, its own subterranean animosities and grudges. (204) Contrasting with this critical opinion is that of another esteemed critic. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes definitively categorizes Othello as a â€Å"study in jealousy†: Othello has suffered less in its modern interpretation than any other of Shakespeare’s tragedies, it would seem. So insistently did Shakespeare keep this tragedy unified about the theme of jealousy and the central victims of the passion, so obviously did he mould his plot about the black Moor and the cunning Iago and the victims of their jealousy that no interpreter has been able to ignore the obvious intention of the author. Yet if we study the contemporary interpretations of the passion here portrayed, we find that Shakespeare was following in detail a broader and more significant analysis of the passion than has in modern days been understood. The play is, however, clearly a study in jealousy and in jealousy as it affects those of different races. (148) Can we narrow down the concept of jealousy in this play to a specific type? Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† sees this play as a study in sexual jealousy: Othello is not a study in prid... ...vington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Ferguson, Francis. â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970. Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      

Impact of the Automobile from 1900-1945 :: American America History

Impact of the Automobile from 1900-1945 The impact of the automobile between 1900 through 1945 was immense. It paved the way for a future dependency on the automobile. To paint a better picture, imagine life without an automobile. Everyday life would be dull, cumbersome, and tedious. An individual's mobility would be very limited. Basically, the life without an automobile could not be fathomed. The importance of the automobile is often taken for granite. Society may not know what appreciate the impact of the automobile and effects it has created. The impact of the automobile had both positive and negative effects on America between 1900 through 1945. Automobile provided an outlet for individuals and spread the freedom of travel among all classes of people. It also helped to introduce rural dwellers to the aspects of urban life and vice versa. One of the negative effects was that automobiles helped to put of big decline in the use of railroads. Over the course of the paper, I will try to expose the huge impact of the automo bile an early twentieth century life. The image of a self-propelled vehicle dates back around the early thirteenth century. Europe is the birthplace of the automobile, but it was adopted by America. Roger Bacon had a vision of cars being made without animals so they can be at astonishing speeds and maneuverability . About three hundreds years later, Leonardo Da Vinci rejuvenate Bacon's idea with hopes of creating a military vehicle. His idea was transformed into the modern day tank. The first step in making a self-propelled vehicle was taken by Nicholas Joseph Cugnot. He was an eighteenth century French artillery officer. "In 1769 he built and ran a three-wheeled carriage mounting a steam engine of his own design, with the idea that it might be used for pulling guns"2. It was very clumsy vehicle that was shot into the air when it reached the top speed of three miles an hour. Cugnot's vehicle provided almost no improvement of the horse. In the early years of the nineteenth century an American and British duo had began an automotive experiment. Richard Trevithick, a British engineer, and American genius, Oliver Evans created a workable but crude vehicle propelled by steam3. This early experiment was an improvement, but the railroads and stagecoach companies joined together. With this new combining of forces the new steam vehicle, the Orkuter Amphibolos, was brought down.

Aphasia: A Language Disorder :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Aphasia: A Language Disorder "My most valuable tool is words, the words I can now use only with difficulty. My voice is debilitated - mute, a prisoner of a communication system damaged by a stroke that has robbed me of language," stated A. H. Raskins, one of approximately one million people in the United States who suffer from aphasia (1), a disorder which limits the comprehension and expression of language. It is an acquired impairment due to brain injury in the left cerebral hemisphere. The most common cause of aphasia is a stroke, but other causes are brain tumors, head injury, or other neuralgic illnesses. Of the estimated 400,000 strokes which occur a year, approximately 80,000 of those patients develop some form of aphasia (2). Another important observation is that within the United States, there are twice as many people with aphasia as there are individuals with Parkinson's disease (2). Yet, what is so astounding is the lack of public awareness about aphasia. Aphasia attacks an intricate part of a person' s daily life - the simple act of communication and sharing. The disbursement of such a tool deprives an individual of education learned through their life, often leaving the ill fated feeling hopeless and alone. In considering the effects of aphasia, a deeper analysis of the two most common forms of aphasia will be examined: Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. While both forms occur usually as a result of a stroke in the left hemisphere of the brain, their particular site of impairment produces different side effects in an individual's comprehension and speech. These regions have been further studied through experimental researches such as positron emission tomography (PET). Moreover, although there is currently no cure for the disorder, there are treatments and certain guidelines to follow when encountering an aphasic. In physiological terms, Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia occur in the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for controlling the right side of the body along with speech and language abilities. Broca's aphasia affects the frontal lobe adjacent to the primary motor cortex, and Wernicke's aphasia affects the posterior portion of the first frontal lobe (3). A general distinction made between the two disorders are that Broca's aphasia limits speech, while Wernicke's aphasia limits comprehension. Broca's aphasia characterizes patients as people who has loss the production of complete sentence structures in speech and writing. Although the individual may retain the usage of nouns and verbs, the aphasic may have lost all forms of pronouns, articles, and conjunctions (3).

The Bible speaks of love

The Bible speaks of love as a set of attitudes and actions that are far broader than the concept of love as an emotional attachment. Love is seen as a set of behaviors: â€Å"Place me like a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm; for love is as strong as death, it’s jealously unyielding as the grave. It burns like a blazing fire, like a mighty flame. Many waters cannot quench love; rivers cannot wash it away. If one were to give all the wealth of his house for love, it would be utterly scorned.† (Song of Solomon 8: 6-7) Setting the quote beside Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, we see their differences stand out in stark contrast. The love as it exists in the story is very different from the love that the Bible talks about. In fact, they are polar opposites. While the love that the Bible talks about is steadfast and willing to fight, in does so in a manner that is reasonable and upright. The Bible speaks of an ideal love that is lucid, even as it enduring and powerful. The love that is portrayed in Faulkner’s story is a destructive obsession that drove the main character to commit murder. Emily’s deep loneliness stems from a childhood deprived of a loving home. Emily did not want for material things, but there was no warmth in her home. And she grew up longing for a genuine connection with another person. That is why she fell madly in love at the first man she had met. (Faulkner, 2002) Looking at Emily’s story, I wonder if she really fell in love. Can love ever spring from a place of fear? While I cannot fault Emily for it, she was desperately afraid of being alone.   She was willing to embrace the illusion of love, and hold on to it nail, tooth and claws. And when the man she wanted did not return her feelings, Emily did not let him go. Rather than face the truth and move on, Emily killed the man she â€Å"loved,† and carried the secret to her grave. I think that reflecting on the love that the Bible talks about is important. Indeed, true love fights and is enduring and passionate. But love should always bring out the best in us, not drive us to madness like what happened with Emily. We all fall into the illusion of love, because like Emily, most of us are so afraid of being alone. But love in its purest sense can never come from a place of fear. In such cases, love mutates into a dangerous obsession that can drive us to commit desperate acts. True love is always self-sacrificing. When you are in love, the welfare and happiness of your loved one always comes first. There is no room for revenge or spite for those whose hearts love deeply and purely. It will fight for true love and let go if that is what is necessary to make our loved ones happy. References: Bible. Song of Solomon. 8:6-7. NIV. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature: The Human Experience. 8th ed. Ed. Richard Abcarian and Marvin Klotz. Boston: Bedford, 666–672. 2002.                                                                        

Marketing Implications of Product Life Cycle Essay

1. New strategies for new times The changed economic conditions are affecting consumer behavior and attitudes. Can the marketing strategies based on the understanding of the consumers in the prosperous times still hold water now? Consumers are changing their behavior in several different ways and various underlying attitudes and values govern these changes. It is critical for us to re-look at the consumer and refresh our understanding to fine tune the marketing strategies. 2. Segment and decide Not all the consumers react to the environmental changes in the same way. Different consumers have different reactions to the financial challenge – ranging from an extreme tightening of the purse-strings, to a nonchalant continuation of the current indulgences. Tightening may be reflected in different tangible and psychological ways. Manufacturers also need to offer a range of different solutions and propositions to meet these changes in behavior. Additionally, different consumer segments may be affected to different extent – and growth may vary from segment to segment. In luxury goods, for example, connoisseurship and indulgence segments may grow more as compared to the pure status segment, as these consumers’ relationship with luxury segments is not only emotional but also very tangible. 3. Find new pastures In these times, growth may be easier to come about through geographical expansion, than competitive fight in the current markets. The impact of the slowdown is more pronounced in larger cities – though the smaller towns and villages are also affected if they relied on export based industries. Hence while growth may be challenged in the larger cities, it may be a good time to set forth and explore new markets in county towns, townships and villages. These are the markets which are growing at a faster pace and offer greater return for investments. 4. Emphasize value – re look at your brand portfolio It does not take rocket science to conclude that in these times the consumers will look for value. The challenge is to offer value without compromising the image. There are different strategies to deliver value – some are appropriate and some ill-advised – some will damage the brand equity permanently, some will keep the image intact but still help adjust to the times. Research shows that direct price reductions are likely to damage more than temporary discounts and decreasing pack sizes more harmful that increasing pack size at the same price. 5. Look at your distribution channels A strained economic situation not only changes the consumer, but also changes the shopper. Consumers are normally more attached to the brand than the retail store, hence their first choice is not to change the brand, but try to locate the same brand at a cheaper price at another store. With more time at hand and greater incentive to economize, more consumers are likely to shop at hyper markets than the more ubiquitous but pricier supermarkets and convenience stores. The search for value and bargains will also turn the shoppers to internet shopping–the only channel that will grow even faster than hypermarkets. 6. Help the consumer – teach her, train her, comfort and reassure her. Research indicates that Chinese consumers’ response to the economic challenge is cerebral. When opportunities are fewer and the competition more fierce the Chinese consumers will want to further enhance their skills and knowledge. Clearly it is very good news for companies teaching English or computer programming. But the opportunity is not confined to these firms – the FMCG industry could also take a more educative communication stance – wine makers could try to educate the consumers about appreciating fine wines, cosmetic companies could offer lessons on skin care and food companies could coach on diet and nutrition. 7. Family, home and security When the going gets tough, the consumers tend to take comfort at home and in the arms of the loved ones. Recession is the ideal time to catch up with friends, take the children to the park and visit the parents, and in the process enjoy emotional warmth to compensate for the coldness of the economic climate. The children are likely to pay a heavy price for this, with parents having more time and inclination as well as a renewed determination to help their children with their studies. This offers opportunities to promote in-home consumption, rather than out of home consumption – which in many categories such as alcohol, is much more expensive. 8. Communication It is not just the product but also the message which needs to reflect the current consumer mind. The communication messages of today needs to reflect sentiments of care and protection, rational and considered behavior and performance and value these tones of communication, which always appealed to the Chinese consumers, are likely to find even greater resonance in these times. 9. Go digital For the largest internet population in the world, internet has so far been a tool of entertainment and information – less so a tool for commerce. However the initial barriers are being overcome and consumers are discovering the joys of internet shopping. The attributes consumer associate with internet shopping are variety, enables detailed evaluation and comparisons and competitive prices. These are the attributes the consumer will be looking in the times of economic slowdown. 10. Keep a permanent hand on the pulse of the consumer These are dynamic times. Things are changing at a phenomenal pace. As a result, so is the consumer mood and sentiment, which will have an effect on her decision making and the brands and products that she buys. If marketers don’t feel her pulse all the time, they could go wrong. One cannot just listen to the consumer once a year – marketers need to put their ears firmly on the ground and listen to every change of beat, every nuance of the consumer mood and continue to fine tune the strategy.

Positive and Negative Effects of Having Boyfriend/Girlfriend

â€Å"Determination for Nature† It was 3:00 am, June 30, 2012. This day is Pista Y ang Cagueban, where all citizens of Puerto Princesa were ask to participate in planting a tree. It’s still dark that time but through the help of lights around the city Coliseum we are able to saw our group. Everyone was excited for the trucks to came, but the happiness was replaced by irritation of waiting the right truck for us. It was 6:30 am but the truck is not arriving yet. Others use their time talking to each other while the others keep silent.Different ways to enjoy that moment. Of course together with our ever supportive teacher Ma’am Meorom who guide us what to do. And the thing we have been waiting for finally came so we leave. But going to Irawan is not really easy, through our way riding that truck, we feel tension because every time the truck is turning it makes an impact to us which is a dangerous one. But with the determination we did it, but we have to walk severa l miles to reach the venue, as we our footwear’s don’t look as it is before our footwear’s looks messy that time.But we enjoy walking because we knew that we are doing this for our mother earth. Going there requires patience and determination without it we are not able to do it. Then you will realize that all the effort you had put will be replaced by the feeling you have if you reached that place. The trees are tall, the air is fresh, and everything there was perfect. Together with my classmates we did it successfully and it is our turn to do something to our nature. Some students plants mahogany and others plant bamboo.After we finished planting we use that moment for taking pictures together. I’m so happy that day because even though that place is difficult to go through many peoples did it, so it means there are still people who are concerned with nature. As we walk through our way home, I had remembered a person said â€Å"You can do things possible if you will exert determination on it†. By:Deocelle BSED I-A

“Journey’s End” by R.C Sherriff Essay

Journey’s End is a play about British soldiers in World War One, and the effects the war has on them, both physically and mentally. The play explores many aspects of war life, including friendship, alcoholism, class boundaries and the lifestyle of the men in the trenches. This essay explores how the play shows the effects of war on those involved, looking at use of dialogue, lighting, props and other key dramatic devices. The essay will mainly focus on Act 3, Scene 2 of the play, but relevant quotes from other scenes in Journey’s End will also be used to help illustrate points. Stanhope, the Commander of the company, is a prime example of how the war effected many intelligent, able young men. The audience knows Stanhope is a good officer and is well respected from earlier dialogue in the play. For example, in Act 1 Scene 1, Osborne says, â€Å"He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got†, and Hardy agrees. Stanhope is also a humorous man, and can get on very well with his fellow officers. For example, at the beginning of Act 3 Scene 2, he has all the men in stitches, relating tales of mischief with women. However, he appears to only be in a good mood when he has been drinking, which he does a lot. We know this because in the very first scene of Journey’s End, Hardy discusses Stanhope’s drinking habits with Osborne, saying, â€Å"I never did see a youngster put away the whisky he does†. One of the main effects of the war on Stanhope is his drinking. He drinks for â€Å"Dutch courage† on the battlefield, and in Act 1 he confesses this to Osborne, saying â€Å"If I went up those steps into the front line without being doped up with whisky I’d go mad with fright†. This quote tells the audience that Stanhope has come to depend upon drinking to help him cope, and certainly has some kind of alcohol problem. The excessive drinking also greatly affects his temper, and he has fierce mood swings throughout the play. An example of one of these mood changes is the contrast between his  jolly, merry demeanour at the beginning of Act 3 Scene 2, and the und iluted rage he expresses later on in the scene when he confronts Raleigh about his failure to attend dinner. These changes in his demeanour are shown by the changes in tone and volume of his voice throughout Act 3 Scene 2. At the start of his confrontation with Raleigh, he speaks in a fairly mild, controlled tone of voice. Silence is indicated by the stage directions to create tension, for example â€Å"there is silence except for the the rumble of the guns†, creates a distinct impression of awkwardness and fraught tension. The use of silence also contrasts strongly with the way Stanhope yells angrily at Raleigh later on in the scene. These sound devices both grab the audience’s attention, and show them just how enraged Stanhope is. Even the sight of Raleigh appears to anger Stanhope. This is because Stanhope was at school with him, and is engaged to his sister. Stanhope is paranoid that Raleigh will tell his sister about his drinking habit, and seeing a familiar face from the outside world has rattled him because he is so used to the routine of war. After Osborne, whom he was very close to, is killed during a raid, the men do not openly grieve, but try and act normally to keep their morale up, and have a dinner with cigars and champagne to celebrate the successful raid. Raleigh refuses to go to dinner, which greatly angers Stanhope. By the end of Act 3 Scene 2, Stanhope is absolutely livid with fury. The last line he shouts; â€Å"For God’s sake, get out!† is then followed by silence, which is a very effective device in grabbing the audience’s attention and creating a mood of fear and apprehension. Overall, Act 3 Scene 2 is most effective in showing an audience just how much of an impact th e war has had on Stanhope and his personality. Raleigh is another character who is greatly effected by war, but, unlike Stanhope who has been been in the trenches a long time, Raleigh is very inexperienced, which makes him appear extremely naive and vulnerable. Raleigh’s first reaction upon entering the trenches (Act 1) is that of surprise. He has been expecting more noise and excitement, and says to Osborne, â€Å"How frightfully quiet it is!† To begin with, Raleigh is very eager to go out and fight, but Osborne’s death  after the raid has a big effect on him. He cannot understand how the men can sit, eating fine food and drinking champagne ,when one of their closest companions has been killed. However, Raleigh does not realise that the reason why they are doing this is to try and help themselves to forget the tragedy that has occurred, and to boost morale amongst the men. Raleigh has misunderstood the situation, and only realises his error at the end of Act 3 Scene 2, when Stanhope shouts, â€Å"You think there’s no limit to what a man can bear?† Raleigh tries to apologise, but Stanhope is too incensed with rage to listen. By the end of that particular scene, even though Raleigh has only been at war for a week, he is already a changed person. His short battle experience has erased whatever distorted expectations he has had before, and he now knows about the harsh realities of life in the trenches. We know this because of his obvious change in mood and personality- by Act 3 Scene 2 he says a lot less than he has beforehand, and stage directions tell us at one point, â€Å"Raleigh speaks in a low, halting voice†. R.C Sherriff has chosen to alter his speech and tone of voice to show the audience clearly how the raid has affected Stanhope as a person. Osborne is a character who is very much aware of the realities of trench warfare, as the oldest and one of the most experienced officers in the Company. In Act 1 the stage directions describe Osborne as â€Å"hard as nails- physically and emotionally strong†. He is a father figure for the other officers, and is affectionately known as â€Å"Uncle†. Osborne is also a loyal and caring friend. The audience knows this because in Act 1 he defends Stanhope to Hardy, who is criticising the Commander’s drinking patterns. He also puts Stanhope to bed when he is drunk, which shows that he has a caring nature. He and Stanhope are extremely good friends- the war has brought them very close. Dialogue throughout the play shows that Osborne tends to use short sentences, such as â€Å"Oh?†, and â€Å"I see†. He is more of a listener than a talker, and that comes across in the conversations he has with other characters. It is quite possible that he has always been a quiet man, but the war could have caused  him to become even quieter and more withdrawn. In Act 3 Scene 1, before he goes out during the raid, Osborne gives Stanhope his watch and ring with a letter to give to his wife, â€Å"just in case† anything should happen to him. Stanhope reassures him, â€Å"You’re coming back, old man† , and the two men laugh as they go their separate ways. However, neither of them really know if Osborne will come back alive or not, and this fear and uncertainty is another effect the war has on the men and their lives. Throughout the play, lighting is used to set the mood and display to the audience as realistically as possible what it was like for the men living in the dugouts. There is little light for most of the play, just dim yellow candles. On the very first page of the play, lighting is described in some detail. Phrases such as, â€Å"A pale glimmer of moonlight†, and â€Å"the misty grey parapet† give the idea of a gloomy, shadowy atmosphere. The lack of light must have affected the men’s sense of time and place. In the play, Trotter keeps a calendar so he can tell what day it is, and how long it is until the raid. However, in Act 3 Scene 2, the stage directions say, â€Å"The dugout is lit quite festively with an unusual amount of candles†. At the beginning of this scene, the lighting reflects the bright, jolly mood of the men, and contrasts strongly with that of the previous scene. The sounds and props used in this scene are also very different to that of Act 3 Scene 1. The sound of laughter replaces the sound of heavy guns, which lightens the mood and relieves tension considerably. There are empty champagne bottles on the table, which shows they have been enjoying themselves. The food described in this scene (roast chicken), is very different to the food the men consume in earlier scenes. In Act One, when Osborne asks what flavour soup they are having, Mason replies, â€Å"It’s yellow soup sir†. Most of the officers came from upper/middle class public school backgrounds, so quite a big effect on them would be having to eat small portions of revolting, non- nutritious food. It would also be a major change for many of the men not having washing facilities, and having to survive in appalling living conditions. Many men would have suffered from acute boredom  when nothing was going on, so many (like Stanhope) reverted to drinking or smoking heavily just for something to do. The war affected all the men involved in so many different ways, but obviously the main effect was that so many of them lost their lives in battle. At the end of the play, Osborne and Raleigh have both been killed but Stanhope lives. The deaths of Raleigh and Osborne show that war is indiscriminate, and death can occur at anytime to anyone, regardless of age or experience. Raleigh is a young, inexperienced newcomer, and Osborne is an experienced senior officer, but they both die within a few days. Journeys End shows the effects of the war on the men involved very realistically, using dramatic devices such as sound, dialogue, props and lighting very effectively. It paints a clear picture in the reader’s mind of what it was like in the trenches, and how the men were affected by battle.

Puigs kiss of the spider woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puigs kiss of the spider woman - Essay Example Evidence of Mestre's (Sara p78) prodigious imagination is ubiquitous in his unusual characters, in the many subplots, twists, turns and transformations (after inventing a powerful guava-based aphrodisiac, one character turns into a river fish and is promptly eaten by his cat), in the onion layering of folklore within tales within stories. His prose has an uncommon exuberance that captures the lushness of his tropical setting. On the other hand, this vitality frequently gives way to elaborate decoration that can obstruct the impetus of the insecurely structured plot, and the novel's big movements turn out to be obscured by its complicated details. This novel can be compared to the Cuba revolution for the reason that it is based in the Cuban revolution in addition to also highlights Castro Gays were despised in Cuba and Castro brought a reign of terror upon them. They were harassed, publicly ridiculed, forced from jobs, jailed, and beaten and, in 1965, they were labeled "counter revolutionary" rounded up and sent to forced labor camps. In 1980 hundreds of Cuban Gays were again labeled "counter-revolutionary," only this time they were thrown out of the country. After what they'd been through, getting thrown out of Cuba wasn't the worse thing that could happen. Puig's kiss of the spider woman Concerns the impact of the Cuban revolution on

Managing your personal finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing your personal finance - Case Study Example Belle is risk-adverse thus holds about$60,000 in savings account which can be used to provide allowances to her parents for 60 months if $1,000 is paid every month; and $110,000 in 1 year fixed-deposit that could be used to cover the outstanding balance on loan which is $605,230. The mortgage is charged at 1.5 percent fixed for 25 years. Her mortgage covers critical illness or permanent disability at premium of $3,359 pa. In the event she passes, the $1,500,000 Term plan and $600,000 critical illness benefits cover Kenji and Karen’s educational requirements. This is because, the total educational expenses are about S$25,000 today and when factoring 6 percent inflation rate in next four years, this amount will be equivalent to S$31,561.92 [that is, 25000x(1+0.06)4]. It is also given in the case that Belle has been advised to keep aside ‘Emergency’ expenses (3 times her monthly gross income or about 4,500,000) that will provide immediate money to her children. In ad dition, the limited-pay whole life plan covering Critical Illness upto $50,000 has cash value $48,750 at premium of $19,500 pa that will give her tax benefits. (b) In the event that Belle passes on without making any formal arrangement (as discussed in (a) above) to pass on her estate, how will her estate then be distributed. Explain with relevant references. Belle has recently discovered lumps on her breast which she suspects could be early signs of breast cancer. As she is risk-adverse, Belle decided to buy Term plan worth $1,500,000 including $600,000 Critical Illness benefits that will benefit her offspring in the event she dies of cancer (critical illness). The plan is covered till age of 99 and she is presently 42 years old and only requires $14,604 outlay per year. Belle is 42 years old and is currently employed as Marketing Director of a multinational corporation that requires frequent travels

Disadvantages and Tax Consequences of Partnerships Essay

Disadvantages and Tax Consequences of Partnerships - Essay Example This paper discusses that  a partnership has some tax benefits in comparison to other different business entities. Thus, for example, loss or income distribution or allocation should be proportional to the ownership stakes of the stakeholders of a given corporation, whereas for a partnership, it may allocate cash flow or income amongst the partners that suits them best. In addition, a partnership allows resource pooling, needs basic filling requirements, avoids double taxation like that of corporate profits together with being reasonably easy to suspend operations. A partnership can therefore liquidate tax-free, but a corporation is usually taxed at the entity point whenever it liquidates. The other tax break for a limited partnership concerns limited partners. Normally, general partners usually pay self-employment taxes since they are involved actively in the daily running of their business operations.This essay stresses that  self-employment taxation comprises of Medicare and S ocial Security taxes put together and normally accounts for 15.3% of the total income of a partner as of 2013.It is important to note that a limited partner who does not take part in the operation of the business is not entitled to self-employment taxation.  A conventional partnership usually has authority distributed equally between the partners, and thus, no hierarchy of authority exists.  Inflexibility is particularly undesirable when the partners have existing disagreements amongst themselves.

To what extent are filmic techniques such as camera angles used to Essay

To what extent are filmic techniques such as camera angles used to assert the overall importance of religious themes in Pulp Fic - Essay Example The camera shots are essential in every film analysis. Camera angle is another important technique used in analyzing a movie and in film making industry. They help to create the meaning of the film to those watching. The difference between camera angles and camera shots is that as the camera angle helps the viewer to differentiate the characters in a film the camera shots shows the amount of space and the setting. Camera angle has its examples, and they are the eye level angle, birds eye angle, Dutch angle and low angle. Other techniques include the Evangeline shots which is creating blurred images as a result of extreme close ups and zooming abruptly. Cinematography is another technique which combines all the above technique that is lighting, camera angle, and camera shots. Having discussed the above the difference between camera shots and camera angles should always be made (skwirk, 2013, 1) the film â€Å"Pulp Fiction† can be analyzed in more than two different perspectives . The first is use of the camera angles to state the importance of religious themes. The guide to this is due to the fact that it is a Christian based movie. In the search for the religious aspects, we bear in mind that as Christians, we are guided by the Ten Commandments that help us shape our behaviors in our relationship with God and other human beings. We find that despite, the movie pulp fiction being filled with violence and scenes unpleasing to the eye; it has hidden Christian themes both good and bad. For instance, Its director Quentin Tarantino makes the themes of immorality among humans, the paths that humans take differently in life, the risk of living recklessly and the inception of death visible to the viewer. With the leading man as John Travolta with co-actors Samuel L Jackson and Uma Thurman, camera angle technique helps the viewer’s grasp the relationship between the characters and bring us closer to their realization. The best example is in the scene where J ules (Samuel L. Jackson) comes to a near death encounter, and it is in this case that he starts posing questions about life, the power of God, and why his encounter with death never terminated his life. The film gives us the events where he ponders everything in his life and even quitting his job for the reason that it was to God’s sign for him to quit the bad things. There is also the situation in which we find Jules misquoting the Bible in a cold murder. This was in the encounter of Brett with Vincent and Jules the two hit men working for the feared kingpin Marsellus Wallace. They had gone to retrieve something valuable in a suitcase that was held by individuals that would be crooks led by Brett. The two men retrieve the belonging of Wallace and later kill Brett and Jules recite the Bible from Ezekiel 25, and it quotes â€Å"The path of the honorable man is overwhelmed on all sides by the iniquities of the self-centered and the autocracy of evil men. Holy is he who, in the name of contributions and good will, shepherds the scrawny through the gorge of darkness, for he is truthfully his brother's keeper and the finder of lost children. I will hit down upon thee with great retaliation and fuming anger those who would effort to poison and obliterate my brothers. You will recognize my name is the Lord when I lay my reprisal upon thee.†(Biola, 2013). The ungodly themes that are condemned by the commandments and the actors tend to bend the command is in the situation

Juvenile Justice Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile Justice Cases - Assignment Example The future lies with the children hence, today’s laws subject them to various systems different from the adults’. It is necessary to mention that today’s child has not had enough chance at her disposal leading to marginal changes in the traditional roles that children play in several parts of this state. Most of them have actually adapted to the common proverbial silver-spoon which had an unimaginable meaning in the uneconomical era. Some are fortunate enough to have the necessities of a life while others face controversial and diverse problems. Some of the problems might be a direct effect of increasing strength of the economy; something that has substantially reduced the responsible behavior expectations during childhood. Most irresponsible children behavior is a result of inadequate attention from preoccupied parents who leave their children with the responsibility of taking care of themselves when they return home from school (John, 2007). Question 1 A& B: Although it might be a little easier to jump into conclusion and think that the 15-year old would be thrown to jail and manhandled, it is crucial to point out that the justice system came up with a system that aims at, not only committing itself to the restoration and protection philosophy but also provides diverse opportunities for diversion and emphasizing on the rehabilitation process other than mere punishment hence Mrs. I should not be worried due to several ways used to deal with that issue without necessarily having the little boy harassed. The punishment principle states that there can never be an occurrence of a crime in a situation where lawful punishment specifications do not exist. For example, Larceny would never be considered a criminal offence if a clearly defined law against that does not exist. The law of the land cannot simply state that, ‘stealing is illegal’. Criminal punishment should be clearly specified in order to ensure that there is lawful imposition of sanctions when an individual if found guilty. In this case, the boy would be found in possession of a car that was stolen, driving without a license and even crushing the car. This may be a hard case to handle as the defendant had been found with (not just one) three offences to answer for. However, there might still be hope. He might escape a harsh punishment but must be subjected to other means of correcting his behavior (Davenport, 2009). One thing that must be put into consideration is whether or not Mrs. I could be willing to take res ponsibility of seeing to it that the future of this little boy is bright through economic means and absolute mentorship programs. That is the most lenient option adopted by a court of law in implementing justice as a means of reversing the juvenile delinquency’s negative trend. A relatively strong program of diversion relevantly impacts recidivism and delinquents. As a replacement of juvenile court, sentencing and prosecution, there had to be an implementation of diversion programs. Another significant point is whether or not

The Role Of Playing for Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Role Of Playing for Children - Essay Example There were 15 guys and we all had to have one game plan rather than each of us wanting different things. Although we were young and didn’t want to follow orders from one person we knew that it was the right thing to do. We had a leader and knew that respecting him was important to our success as a group. If we each chose our own path and didn’t listen to our coach we would fail and therefore let down a group of 14 guys who all listened to the coach. We didn’t always agree with our coach or think he was making the best decisions but we had to trust that he knew what he was doing and making the best decisions for our team. There was no room for joking around when we were practicing and this taught us to be mature and serious when we had goals to accomplish. We also believed in each other and our potential if we practiced hard and went over plays until they seemed to run as smoothly as possible. We put in extra time after dark to make sure that when we played in the big game Friday night we wouldn’t mess up that play. Down the road, in a work environment, there will be a boss who wants you to be a team player and be willing to put in the extra time, just like that football team. Just from playing football in high school there was a value instilled in me to play a team and know who leads and to respect that person. You cannot always take charge and run everything but in time if you do a good job in your position you have the opportunity to move up into higher positions. I fully believe that having kids in sports will help them to succeed later in life. Prompt 2: There is obviously debate on whether children receive better care if their parents work during the day or not and how this attention or lack of attention changes the child. A child may react in different ways to getting more attention and may get to be more involved with their parents staying at home with them.  Ã‚  

Critical Success Factor Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical Success Factor Report - Essay Example Apart from that, the study will also analyze the macro environment (political, economic, social, and technological) of Great Britain. Important aspects such as communication strategy, pricing strategy and customer services strategy need to be designed carefully to sustain the competition in the market. This report will examine each of these strategies required for the bathroom manufacturing company. The next half of the report will offer a brief introduction of the company. John Lewis: A Brief Overview John Lewis can be referred to as a chain of departmental stores that operates throughout the United Kingdom (UK). It was established by John Lewis in the year 1864. Presently it is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Initially the business started as single store operator, but during the year 1920 it established departmental store chain model through John Lewis Partnership (Davidmann, n.d). The partnership model emphasize on ownership of employee and their contribution as stakehol der to the departmental store chain. There are more than thirty eight thousand people working in the departmental store chain and each of them acts as a partner to the company (McCallion, 2010). The group has been ranked as one of the top five departmental store chains of Great Britain. This British departmental store chain has already opened thirty seven outlets and is planning to open few more within next 2 years. Customer Analysis John Lewis has established itself as premium departmental store chain in last 146 years. This departmental store has become a â€Å"cool† shopping destination for many people. Oxford outlet of the chain was founded in middle England in order to provide shopping solution to customers belonging to the central part of Britain. Marks & Spencer (M&S) is another favourite shopping destination for many people in Great Britain and is a strong competitor for John Lewis. Customers believe the ambience of the departmental store (John Lewis) chain is appeali ng and they like to spend more time in the outlet. Customers feel that lighting system of the stores is designed in such a way that it highlights each product separately. Any person entering the store can easily identify his/her favourite brand, thereby making the purchase decision easier. John Lewis has a customer base of people who like to shop for branded items. People belonging to higher income and middle income group are the major customers of the departmental store chain. Married couples and families also visit this departmental store chain to purchase different items. Customers prefer to shop for stylish items such as watch, designer clothes, bathroom items etc. Many customers perceive that after sales service is a critical factor behind the success story of any retail outlet. Employees working inside the stores are the greatest asset to the company. Employees own a percentage of shares in group’s business and they also earn a yearly bonus. Customer friendly behaviour and prompt after sales service made this British departmental store chain a preferred shopping spot for many customers. John Lewis also provides home delivery services for bulky items. Hence customers like to shop in this departmental store chain for aforementioned reasons. Ambience, customer service and availability of

Mexican Drug Cartels Essay Example for Free

Mexican Drug Cartels Essay Several drug cartels are involved, such as: Sinaloa Cartel, Gulf Cartel, Juarez Cartel, Knights Templar Cartel, Tijuana Cartel, La Familia Cartel (disbanded), Los Zetas, Beltran-Leyva Cartel (disbanded), Jalisco New Generation Cartel, Independent Cartel of Acapulco, La Barredora. You could see them all as the bad guys. On the other team are the Mexican forces, consisting of the Army, Navy, Air force, the Federal police and other Mexican forces What are the sources of the conflict? What is it about? The main source of the conflict is power. All of the cartels wanted more power and money and they started fighting each other because of this. Another major cause of the conflict are the drug trafficking routes used by different cartels, the cartels want more power over each other’s routes. Relationships between/among conflicting parties? They were once all together in one massive cartel. But because of the decision of the leader of the cartel the ‘mother-cartel’ split up in many smaller cartels (See Dimension #1). What is the history of the conflict? The birth of all Mexican drug cartels is traced to former Mexican Judicial Federal Police agent Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo (The Godfather), who founded the Guadalajara Cartel in 1980 and controlled all illegal drug trade in Mexico and the trafficking corridors across the Mexico-USA border throughout the 1980s. He started off by smuggling marijuana and opium into the U. S. A. , and was the first Mexican drug chief to link up with Colombias cocaine cartels in the 1980s. Through his connections, Felix Gallardo became the point man for the Medellin cartel, which was run by Pablo Escobar. This was easily accomplished because Felix Gallardo had already established an infrastructure that stood ready to serve the Colombia-based traffickers. There were no cartels at that time in Mexico. Felix Gallardo was the lord of Mexican drug smugglers. He oversaw all operations; there was just him, his cronies, and the politicians who sold him protection. [59] However, the Guadalajara Cartel suffered a major blow in 1985 when the groups co-founder Rafael Caro Quintero was captured, and later convicted, for the murder of DEA agent Enrique Camarena. 60][61] Felix Gallardo afterwards kept a low profile and in 1987 he moved with his family to Guadalajara. According to Peter Dale Scott, the Guadalajara Cartel prospered largely because it enjoyed the protection of the Direccion Federal de Seguridad (DFS), under its chief Miguel Nazar Haro, a CIA asset. The Godfather then decided to divide up the trade he controlled as it would be more efficient and less likely to be brought down in one law enforcement swoop. 63] In a way, he was privatizing the Mexican drug business while sending it back underground, to be run by bosses who were less well known or not yet known by the DEA. Gallardo convened the nations top drug traffickers at a house in the resort of Acapulco where he designated the plazas or territories. The process: how do we choose to deal with the conflict? We do not personally deal with this conflict. However, the US army helps the Mexican government at some points, since most of the drugs comes in via Mexico.

Recent Scientific and Technological Innovations Essay Example for Free

Recent Scientific and Technological Innovations Essay The quality of life is normally taken to mean the general well being of people and the environment in which they live in. it is undeniable that recent scientific and technological innovations have enhanced the quality of life for many. However, the developments of today that promise us a better quality of life are also the ones that can worsen the quality of life. Science and technology give their creators and inventors ever-greater supremacy and control, for good or otherwise, over the physical universe. Indeed, the possible dire consequences and impact of misused and misapplied innovations can affect the quality of life drastically. Technological innovations have resulted in an improved and well-established system of telecommunications and satellites. This leads to ease in access of communication system globally. International calls can now be made so readily that two people at separate ends of the world can now stay instantly in contact with a touch of the dial. But, with the onslaught of the worldwide web and wireless communication devices, technology has in fact, drawn people away from each other. The presence of electronic email and short-text messages, gave busy people of this high-tech society yet another excuse to dismiss the need for face-to-face meetings and interactions. Humans have become overly dependent upon such gadgets and devices to carry out the basic task such as to communicate. What will result from the above phenomenon is that the generations to come will be lacking in inter-personal and interactive skills. Medical scientific and technological innovations have been largely beneficial. Death rates, infant mortality rates as well as diseases of the past that used to lead to alarming numbers of deaths, have been eradicated greatly. Modern drugs and vaccines have eased much physically suffering. But, the discovery of Euthanasia and Genetic Engineering have sparked off a series of moral questioning concerning the supposed death with dignity as well as issues that include abortion as the latter opens up possibilities of misuse. It is true that abortion practices ena ble pregnant women who are at health risk to remove the baby in the course of pregnancy but many have taken advantage of this procedure to rid themselves of the product of irresponsible actions on their part. Also, Euthanasia, despite being said to be death in dignity, nevertheless, opposes many religious and conservative views. Advanced military technological innovations have provided a higher degree of security for citizens in countries. This does actually contribute to enhancing the quality of life as cyber warfare, biological warfare and nuclear warfare help to create a new form of defence mechanism to protect the people. Conversely, advance military technological innovations have also empowered modern armies a great level of destructive potential and selective aiming targets. This results in civilians and innocent people ending up as the greater victims in wars. In addition, the use of chemical and biological weapons has diffused effects that make the clear-cut drawing of battle lines more complex and difficult. Hence, instead of enhancing the quality of life, humans’ vulnerability increases and security decreases in times of war. Another political and legal aspect in which scientific and technological innovations have helped to improve the quality of life for humans is the availability of knowledge. Indeed, the access to information enhances democracy that provides citizens with a more liberal political system. However, it should be noted that technology, though allowing easy access to the supply of knowledge, actually devalues the worth of information and knowledge. Today, knowledge can easily turn obsolete as focus is placed on the survival of the most info and techno-savvy society. Also, what is accessible from the wide pool of resources on the worldwide web does not always provide the correct and morally upright information. For instance, the wide pool of pornography corrupts one’s mind and worsens the quality of life as it presents an improper, inaccurate and unrealistic view towards sex. Next, computers and high-tech machinery have aided in improving many economies, especially those of the developing countries. For example, South Korea went from being a developing country to becoming a newly industrialized country because they have become more capital-intensive and technologically oriented in their industries. Areas ranging from manufacturing processes to the service sector have been made easy by the use of both the computer and machinery. Nevertheless, such gadgets have become such an indispensable and essential tool in modern life that the need for labour-intensive employment has greatly declined. This puts lowly educated and lowly skilled workers out of jobs. Such an over reliance branches into almost every type of human activity and the importance of human resources will eventually be lost with time. How can quality of life be enhanced when the technology is deemed more valuable and useful than human resource? Another area to ponder about is the environmental asp ect of life. Pollution and deforestation have both worsened the quality of life in today’s society. Health problems have resulted from air, water, soil and hazardous waste pollution. Governments of less developed nations, in their eagerness to improve their economies by employing technology in their commerce, are willing to forsake the importance of the environment in maintaining the quality of life of their people. Poor air quality in twenty megacities in the world, with population of more than ten million results in an increase in lung, heart and brain cancer. This is the effect of traffic fumes; industrial processes, new sewage systems and even open refuse burning. Water quality is greatly diminished by the pollution caused by petrochemical complex, pesticide and factories. The issue of deforestation is also linked to the worsening of the quality of life as basic needs of recreation, culture and leisure are greatly affected. Thus, it is evident that though busy industries can be an indication of a healthy economy that can increase the monetary aspect of standard of living, actually denies humans their basic right to drink clean water and breathe clean, uncontaminated air. In conclusion, the issues of the quality of life that are affected by scientific and technological innovations are urgent and require much reconsideration. The nuclear power that promised virtually limitless, cheap and non-polluting energy for future generations proved otherwise in the disastrous accidents such as those that took place at Three Mile Island and Chernoblyl. Furthermore, the down sides to the supposed enhancement of the quality of life as depicted by the double-edged sword qualities of science and technology like those presented in this argument have clearly shown that recent scientific and technological innovations can increase the quality of life as well as degenerate it.

The Philippine Environmental Policy

The Philippine Environmental Policy Two of the most general environmental laws are: Presidential Decree No.1151 known as The Philippine Environmental Policy and Presidential Decree 1152 known as The Philippine Environmental Code. Both laws were made during the reign of the late president, Ferdinand Marcos. The Presidential Decree No. 1151 aims to preserve natural sceneries and natural resources without restricting technological and industrial growth of the Philippines. It stated in section one of this given Presidential Decree that the goal of this Policy is to create a community that can develop, and enhance its economy without jeopardizing or sacrificing stability of the natural environment. It is also stated in section two under the same Presidential Decree that the government and other private organization should encourage and promote preservation of historic and cultural aspects of the Filipino heritage. The healths of individuals living within the area of Philippines are also being considered in this Presidential Decree. It is the right of everyone to have a healthy environment; therefore, everyone is also responsible in preserving the countrys environment. In the Presidential Decree No. 1152 or known as The Philippine Environment Code are several sections that set standards, measures and proper management of the countrys natural resources, and other environmental aspects. Under Air Quality Management, Title one of this Presidential Decree are thirteen sections that focuses generally on air quality. Smoke emission can be arguably considered as the number one cause of air pollution and in section four under Air Quality Management, it is stated that there should be a national emission standards that shall be met by every industry and by every single person residing within the country. Noise pollution is also categorized to air pollution because sound waves travels through air; and still under Air Quality Management of the Philippine Environmental, sections four and five tackles the Community Noise Standards and Standards for Noise-Producing Equipment respectively. Both sections are requiring standards to minimize noise levels. There are s everal agencies responsible in enforcing these standards, and these are the National Pollution Control Commission, Land Transportation Commission and other government and non-government agencies concerned. Under this Presidential Decree is Title two which is the Water Quality Management, are the classification of Philippine Waters, where basic information about a certain body of water are taken into consideration for it to be classified; establishment of water quality standards, where the National Pollution Control Commission prescribes guidelines given by the National Environment Protection Council; upgrading of water quality, Clean up operations, and water quality monitoring and surveillance, where government agencies responsible shall monitor water quality in the country. Title three of this decree is the Land Use, the purpose of this title is encouraging conservation of land resources and to prevent imbalance in the environment. In section twenty three of this Presidential Decre e, the national land use scheme includes: scientific land inventory and classification, determination of land uses, adaptability of land, method of identification of areas and exercising control by government agencies over use of land, system of controls and regulations regarding the possible sources of pollution and a periodic revisions and updating of national land use scheme. As the demand for the quantity of a product or service gets higher in every industry, the demand for natural resources also goes up. The required raw materials by indutries are already causing damage to natural areas, and make the scarcity level for natural resources extremely high. The Natural Resources Management and Conservation under Presidential Decree 1152, aims to give the basic management and conservation of the Philippines natural resources. It is in this chapter that the government shall implement a system of preservation and conservation of wildlife resources and aquatic resources within the countrys area; where participation and contribution of citizens are highly encouraged. In addition, the conservation of forest resources is integrated to the system of exploitation, where the system includes regulating the selling of threatened forest resources. It is in this chapter that conservation of other natural resources like, energy sources, surface ground waters, and mineral r esources. It is in the same Presidential Decree where proper waste management is discussed. It is the Title Five or Waste management, and it aims to promote recovery, recycling and re-use of wastes to maintain the stability of the environment. In Section forty three of this Presidential Decree, waste management programs are discussed, these programs implies to all provinces, cities and municipalities. It is the responsibility of the Department of Local Government and Community Development to formulate and set guidelines for the proper waste management in their respective areas. All programs will include: an orderly system, provision that the program will not be a source of pollution of any kind and a provision for revisions to achieve effectively. Proper disposal area of these wastes is also tackled in the title, where the location shall follow the existing zoning land use standards and pollution control regulations. The significance of acquiring knowledge regarding the environmental laws of the Philippines prior to entering the industry is under rated by most of the students. As future members of the hospitality and tourism industry, it is very essential to learn and be equipped with the knowledge of these environmental laws, because natural resources are essential to any industry. Therefore, learning how to preserve and retain these natural resources is crucial to us students. The hospitality and tourism management students are highly affected by these laws to be aware of current environmental concerns, and be knowledgeable on the different rules and regulations that can be applied in the future whether as employees or employers. These laws are important as we plan to create and form our own businesses especially to our industry which greatly relies on the resources available in nature. For Travel and Tourism Management students, these laws are their guide lines in conducting tourism destinatio n plan development, wherein sites and destinations are analyzed and knowing the prohibitions and regulations for the certain area is very imperative. For Hotel, Resort and Restaurant Managements students, the importance of these laws is as important as it is to the Travel and Tourism Management students. These laws provide regulations as to how hotels, restaurant and other similar establishments could promote and apply rightful acts in nurturing the Philippinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ natural resources. These laws also sets the standard on how the establishment operations would work without harming and creating imbalance in the environment, but rather retaining its value and even enhancing it. The hospitality and tourism nowadays may be referred as one industry and is currently considered as the worlds fastest growing industry. It is a collection of separate industries that can stand on their own but complements each other. It is subdivided into several industries like lodging, transportation, food, recreations and other industries concerned. Like any other industry in this country of Philippines, the hospitality and tourism industry has its fair share of responsibility in protecting and preserving the countrys natural resources; and taking part in the improvement of current environmental concerns while sustaining economic growth. The people in the industry can start their roles in the improvement of the countrys environmental issues by reading and being knowledgeable and educated about the current environmental laws of the Philippines. Transportation, one of the sub-industries under hospitality and tourism, can help in the issue of air pollution through being responsible with the smoke they emit during the business operations. Operators and drivers of public vehicles, and travel agency owned vehicles like tour buses and vans should always check and maintain proper conditioning of their vehicles to avoid excessive emission of smoke or smoke belching. They can also adapt to the current trend of using low fuel consuming vehicles, electric powered vehicles that dont emit smoke and other existing technologies that are dedicated to decrease or extinguish smoke emissions of vehicles. Airlines can also help the fight against air pollution through meeting the standards of the National Pollution Control Commission and Civil Aeronautics Administration regarding the harmful effects of aircraft emissions, sonic booms and noise pollution to the environment. Hoteliers, restaurant owners and other proprietors planning to build and start a business should comply with the rules and regulations of the Department of Environment, and Natural Resources if any tree will be cut upon the construction of the establishment. They should be responsible in planting more trees that would act as replacements for the trees that would be cut. Restaurants or any establishment that offers food should also be aware of what they serve to their guests. By not offering dishes or goods made of threatened or endangered species, they are already helping in protecting the wild life. Through offering and patronizing organic ingredients, food establishments can already protect the lands or soil of an area. This can eventually have an impact or can lessen the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides that can greatly affect the fertility and health of the soil. Proper waste management should also be exercised by hospitality and tourism establishments. Through segregation of wastes or garbage can hugely and positively affect problem in wastes. Food establishments can also decrease the usage of disposable utensils, plates and replace those with reusable things necessary to the business operations. Recycling of garbages is also a good way of waste management. Establishments may use their garbages to create something useful to their operations. Patronizing products that have chemically altered compositions that makes them degradable like the technology used on plastic bags and other plastic products that causes these products decompose faster compared to the average decomposition time of ordinary plastic products. One of the trends nowadays in the tourism scene is the eco-tourism, this focuses on promoting ecological preservation while enjoying the beauty of nature. The emerging market of tourists who patronizes eco-tourism means the industry is using its influence and marketing strategy to promote tourism and preservation of natural resources at the same time. Through eco-tourism, natural resources are being preserved as well with the income generated by this trend.